Method and apparatus for pumping liquids.



H. M. & T. M. CHANCE. METHOD AND APPARATUS Foa PUMPING LIQUIDS APPLICATION FILED JAN.30, 1913.

Patented Septl, 1914.

3 SBBTS-SHBBT 1.

Iwo/Wto@ @fw '77. ffm

THE AORRIS PETERS Co.. PHOT`0-LITHO WASHINCTON, D. c

HQ M. a; T. M. CHANCE. METHOD AND APPARATUS POR PUMPING LIQUIDS.

' APPLICATION FILED JAN. 30.1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented Sept. 1, 1914.

YHE .TVRRIS PETERS C0,'.`PHO7U-L/THO., WASHINGTDN. o. c.

H. M. & T. M. CHANCE. METHOD AND APPARATUS Pee PUMPING LIQUIDS APPLICATION FILED JAN.30,1913.

Patented Sept. 1, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

F10' IV Innen/10rd.

Wd/meme n HDRIS PETERS CO., PHO rD-LITHU.. wASHjNG mhh D. 6.

' Tool/' iii/win, t 'muy concern HENRYM. enanos ,erin 'ri-reiifias enanosor riitnnnnri-im, PnNNsYLfi/*Aura Mumien .erin srrsnsrus .ri-on reafirma treuirisl il 09, Hi8.

. Specification (if-Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. y1, 1914.

Application filed January 3B, 1.513. SeralNO. 745,150.

Behit known that we, lTEiyizrlll. CHANCE A i y, and Trioiims M. CHANGE, citizens oi trie United States, residing at Philadelphia, in

the county ot Philadelphia and State of l""eiinsyliania, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Methods and Apparatus foi- Pump A the 'Following is a specification, reterence being had to the accompanying drawings.

Uur inventionk relates primarily to impriii'cinciits'in methods ot pumping liquids, and" by the terni liquids wemean to 1n- .f-liiile simple liquids, mixtures of liquids and of. liquids and solids capable of being pumped, but it may also ybe used in operating apparatus of certain'rtype's, constructed for pumping orlcomi .'esciug air or, y

Our improved me .iod of pumping h is especiallyadapted for use in operating mtei-nal-combustion pumps in which .the ypressure of an ignited combustible mixture acts directly upon:'lioliiid5` or is transmitted to the liquid to be pumped by means ot a piston oi'iot a piston and plunger, but may also be used in operating pumps driven by 'any medium haring high initial pressure and er;n paiisive force, such as steam or compressed air. n y

ln describing an invention patented to us March 26th, 191.2. U. S. Patent, Number 1.020,965, we have shown how a portion of the energy. especially of thehigh pressure ciiifrgy developed during the early part oit the power stroke of :i heat engine, may be utilised to pump liquid against relatively high pressures and the balance ot the energy developed by the powerstrolre .may be utilized to pump liquid against lower pressures or to store energy in an accumulator, and we have also described the ysubsequent use of this stored energy, by reaction lof the accumulator, eifect the return stroke kof the on -ine and the compression of a new charge in.y he combustion chamber' of said engine.

Our presentA invention is an improvement upon said method whereby the accumulator is di.v represente-:d by the momentum ofl the ,moy-` ing body of liquid, is utilized directly to efct the return stroke ot a secondheat en-` paratus made by connecting two independent pump chambers by a conduit of dimen`l Liquids, whercot n ignited v,nensed with and the residual energy,

gine and to compress the combustible charge f' sions suitable' loi containing a` body ofv liquid large enough to act eliiciently as an oscillating flywheel in absorbing `and giving ou t energy, cachv oit thepump chambers bemg connected `with valyedintakes for liquid `to `befpumped andeach pump ychamber or the conduit extending from` said pump chamber, being providedwith` a` connection,

.Controlled by a non-return valve, leading'to a region ,of discharge.; ln somecases these two connecting conduits used as discharge conduits, may be merged into a single conduit rconnecting with the rmain conduit at a point between the two pump chambers, and in suchfcasjesonedischarge valye-or one setof discharge yalyes lwill actas discharge valyes lfor both of the pump chambers. y

The drawings Figs. l and II are vertical cross-sections'of' apparatus by which our me jiod maybe carried out and illustrate its application to pumps e of three diiferent types. fl Fig. lll isaiyertical View and section showing a different arrangement of apparatus similar to that shown by Fig. I. ln the drawings ylike numbers referto like parts.- Fig. lV shows a -modification of the apparatus shown by Fig. H, by which the apparatus ymay be used to pump larger quantities" against lower pressures. 4 Fig. l illustrates its application to a type ot pump chamber in which pressure is trans mitted to the liquid in thepump chamber 1, by means of a plunger 2, operating through a piston rod 3, which may be connected to the piston of a two-stroke cycle by-pass scaif'enging internal-combustioncylinder or other similar single-acting reciprocating prime mover, and also to a type of pump chamber in which pressure :is transmitted to th'el.liquid in the pump chamber 4, by an 1 combustible mixture contained therein. n; Thispump chamber l, is in this case used also as .i combustion chamber and is provided with a valved inlet, forcoin` 10o liquid expelled from the pump chamber at 105` each powerzstrolre are cont-rolledfy It will y be understood that the operation'of the inlet and exhaustvalves.r the ignition ofthejcom'- bustible charge and the scavenging of waste products may be effected by means in com'- 11.0

mon .usetor such purposes. Both `pump ,i chambers lande are provided with inlet 15 gle discharge main 14.

valves S and 8fL for liquid, and suction supply conduits 9 and 9a connecting with a supply of liquid to be pumped, conventionally shown as tanks 10 and 10?. r1`he pump chambers 1 and are connected by a con-` duit 1.1, providing unobstructed communication between them. his conduit isvirtually an elongated extension of the pump kchambers 1 and l. lConnecting with this conduit 11, or ifdesiredwitli the pump chambers 1A and 4, are two connecting conduits 12 and 12fL which connect the pump chambers 1 and l with discharge mains 18 essential to the eiiicientvuse of our' method.

At some point in each of the connections 12 and 12"L between the conduit 11 andthe air chambers 15 andl-i, non-return valves 16 and 16,A are placed, the drawing illustrating two positions of such valves.

The operation of our method as used'with the described apparatus is as follows: The plunger 2 actuated by the ignition of a compressed combustible charge inthe cylinder of a` two-stroke cycle combustion chamber of the described type with the piston ofwhich it is connected by means of thepiston rod 3, communicates pressure to the liquid in the pump chamber 1 and this'pressure is, by the liquid in conduits 11 and 12, transmitted to the region of discharge at the air chamber 15 causing liquid to be discharged and imparting momentum to the liquid in conduit 12, at the same time this pressure sets the 49 liquid in conduit 11 in motion, liquid cominencing to flow into the pump chamber 4e, the upper part of which contains a charge of combustible mixture. As the pressure in the prime mover falls by reasonof the expansion of the hot gases by which it is operated, the pressure communicated n to the liquid in the pump 'chamber 1 by the plunger 2 decreases and soon drops to a pressure less than that against which liquid is being 50 forced into 15, thereafter further discharge of liquid into 15 is maintained for a time by the momentum of liquid in the conduit 12, the liquid in this conduit comes to rest and the rdischarge valve 1G closes. During this period the pressure produced by the plunger 2 is still acting upon the liquid in the conduit 11, so that when the plunger 2 comes to rest at the end of its stroke'tlie liquid in this conduit has relatively high velocity, and by its continued travel draws in a new increment of liquid through the inlet valve 8, and at the same time compresses the charge of combustible mixture in 1, and iinally comes to rest and the inlet valve 8 closes. During this; period of continued travel of the'liquid in 11, the waste products are exhausted and scavenged from the prime mover and a new charge of combustible mixture introduced therein. The compressed charge of combus tible 'mixture in l is now ignited and the pressure produced causes the same cycle of events to occur in 11, 12L and 15, liquid being discharged into' 15?L the discharge valve 1G21, closing, and movement of the liquid in 11A starts the plunger 2 oiiits return stroke. The float valve T closing at the' end ofthe expansion stroke in l4, new liquid is drawn through Stand the plunger 2 carried through the balance of its return stroke, the pressure exerted upon it being in turn -transmitted to the piston of the prime mover and compressing a new charge of combustible mixture in said prime mover. After the closing of the float valve Tand during the period of continued travel of liquid in the conduit 11, the waste products of combustion are exhausted through G and a new charge of combustible mixture introduced through 5.

Y For clearness in ydescribing the operation of fthev method the drawing has been made with the two pumps facing each other and connected by a straight conduit and the twopumps used to illustrate the method are of two different types. It would not of course in practice often bedesired to use the method with two pump chambcrsof different types. Under ordinary conditions the two pump chambers will be duplicates of each other, will be placed side by side, facing in the same direction and the conduit 11 will extend the same distance from each of the pump chambers and the two halves connected by a return bend oflSO degrees curvature; reactions being thus balanced. By adopting this form of construction the two pump chambersmay be cast as a unit, one suction main supplying both chambers, one source of combustible mixture may be used to supply both pumps and a single exhaust pipe may be used to carry away the exhaust from both.

It is evident that the upper part of the pump chamber l used as ay two-stroke cycle combustion chamber may be replaced by two four-stroke cycle'eombustion chambers acting alternately and giving a two-stroke cycle effect, such for instance as the twin combustion chambers described by us in U. S. Patent No. 1,011,410, issued December 12, 1911, or that the plunger 2 may be driven by the straight connected pistons of two tandem four-stroke cycle cylinders igniting alternately so that each pumping stroke of the plunger is a power stroke. In designing an apparatus of this type for operating our method, regard must be had to the relative lengths and diameter of the conduits 11 and 12 a1id'12a, in. order that the masses of liquid to be set in motion may besuch as to secure the desired division of energy between that used "to discharge liquid and that used to impart velocity tothe body of liquid contained in conduit` 11. llt the pressure against which liquid is to be pumpedl is relatively high it is advantageous yto connect the conduits-12 and 121 With the conduit 11 at or near the pump chambers 1 and 4, and to make the conduits 12 and 12 relatively short or relatively large in diameter, as compared With the dimensions of the vconduit 11 `and vico versa. rlhe apparatus shows but one conduit 11, crninecting` thetivo pump chambers 1 and 15, but it is evident that two or more such conduits mav be usedeither simultaneously or at ditli .nt times, and `that conduits of diiierent length and size maybe lused either singly or jointlyto `vary thevel'ocity oithe power stroke of the pump and to eifect the required division of energy ibetween that required for pumping and that required for compression of the combustible charge.

lit evident that the method maybe carried out With many different forms of apparatus and ivith a great variety. of actuatin mechanism and We do not desire .to limit ourselves to the particular type of apparatus described or shou'n, as our method may be used with any type of: pump chamber from Which liquidv is expelledby piessureapplied troni any source of energy but it especially adapted for usev` With internal-combiistion engines because it provides a direct ymeans whereby the y combustible mixture in one combustion chamber is compressed by the energy oit an ignited combustible .mixture expanding in .another combustion chamber.

While in most eases the intakes for liquid to be pumped will best be located at the pump chambers, such location is not essential to the successtul operation of the method,`l

'for these intakes may connect with the conduit 11 at some distance trom the pump chamber, or in some cases may connect with I the conduits 12 and 12a. vlVhen it is desired to use the method for pumping or compressing air or gas, no new liquid need be taken into the apparatus, and the apparatus may be constructed with the inlet valves S and 8 and the discharge valves 16 and 16a both located at or near the point Where the connecting conduits 12 vand 12a connecty with the air chambers 15 and 15,

The essentialso'l an' apparatus orthe opeiationo'f our method are tivo pumpchainbers in which liquid alternately may besubiccted to pressure from `some source oit energy, (preferably from a inediiini-liaving high initial pressure and expansive torce), and which are connected by Ia conduity of suitable size and length providing [iinobg structedcommunication between them, one

or more conduits (usually controlled. by

valves) connecting this conduit ivith the discharge main, and vali-ed inlets ,to fthef-apfy oftliefcombustible niixturein Du paratus for the ladmission'of the substance tobe pumped. v 'i Figli illustratesthe use oli our inctl'iod appliedto the operation of four internalcoinbustion chambers Working ontlie 'tourstroke cycle. ln tli'isFigIl, A, B, C `and D are four internal-coinbustion cylinders, With pistonsa, 2b, 2C and 2d, the cylinders being provided ivitliinlets 5, 5b, 5 and 5d for combiistiblei mixture and outlets 6?, Gb, (3C, and (3d for lthe exhaust of -Waste products ot com-` biistion.y 'Theseinlets' and exhausts may be cqiiimped with inlet and exhaust valvesanil mechanism f for operating them similar to those used in vtandem four-stroke cycle in# ternal -coinbusti ony e ines, the movement :for operating 4which ma) be taken i'ronithe exposed portion of the kpiston rods 3a" and 3c, or from a tail-rod attached to'either piston, or the valves `finay be operated bypiessure transmitted from the pumpchamber, or by floatsv or other :devicesin common use for such purposes. The pistons I2a' and 2 and the pistons ZC and 2 are respectively connected together by the piston rods 3vb and 3m. The lower part of the chambers B and D are.l connected Withttli'eintakes 9b and 9d controlled inlet valves Sh and Sd, and the loiveiparts of thecliambers A and C may also vit desired be similarly 'connected with theseintalres and with the conduit 1lhd by means ofv connections yas. indicated. by `the dottedlineslabfand 17ml. The conduit 111d connects the chanibeiisf and D and thcconn duit 12 connects this conduit 11bd with a dis'- charge main 14; through non-return valve 1G and the air-chamber 15. This draivingzillustrates the type of construction inivliicli the discharge conduits 12 and 1QL'o'i Fig. l are replaced by a single discharge conduit.

The operation oit our method with this ap` paratus is as follows: The combustion space in chamber i containing` a charge conipressed combustiblemixture, that in B being filled with waste gases (or with `waste gases diluted with rair if a scavenging charge oi,E air has been introduced `dining the prece-illl .ing exhaust period) `that portion ot the cylinder C above its piston being filled Vwith combustible mixture and the rcylinder` D above its piston containing vthe. products ol combustion from aprcvious power stroke, the conduits/and pump chambers contain' liquid, the compressed charge in A, is ignil causingpiston 2 to actuate pistonb rad .y ,communicate pressure and movement yto liquid in 11bd and in' 1Q, @producing diseln of liquid froin'tl inoif'ement of liquid is11 and` through `their return A`liquid fis entering the system yvalve Sb, `and the inoi liquid'eects the sini ,aneous l Wastepiodiicts "from D the comii' ng the i rlll) outstrolie of pistons 2 and 2b' and while these pistons were transmitting the energy ot the ignited combustible mixture in A to the liquid, a new charge of combustible mixy ture was drawn or admitted into B. The compressed charge in C vis now ignited and the same sequence oi events repeated, a new charge flowing into D, waste products being expelled from and the combustible charge in B compressed; the compressed charge in B is then ignited, expelling waste products from C, drawing in a new charge into A and compressing the charge in D the charge in D is now ignited, drawing in `new charge in'C, expelling waste gases from B and compressing the charge in A, thus'completing the whole cycle for the four cylinders.

rThis implicationl oi' our method as illustrated by Fig. Il develops a system or operating internal-combustion pumps that differs essentially both as to the cycle of events and results obtained from any method heretofore known or used. These differences may be noted as iiollovs l, the whole period of expansion ot an ignited charge is utilized :tor the admission of a new charge into another cylinder, 2, the lnew charge may be drawn in by energydirectly transmitted from the expansion of the ignited charge, and not by the momentum. of a moving` body, 3, the waste products ot combustion are expelled from one cylinder and the new charge compressed inanother` cylinder simultaneously, d, the latter operations are elliected partly by energy directly transmitted Lfrom the ignited charge and partly by energy from said charge stored in a moving body oi' liquid, there being no storage ot' energy in accumulators for subsequent use by reaction.

The operative portions of the last described type of apparatus are similar in many respects to those ot a four cylinder twin tandem four-stroke cycle engine, with this material difference however that the two pairs of pistons are not linked together but are free to move independently oi each other. The cylinders A, B, C and D of these four-stroke cycle machines are provided with customary igniting devices unless operated by self-ignition) and these may be operated by the same mechanism used to control the exhaust valves. Automatic inlet valves may be used it desired'. The clearancespace is normally filled with waste gases at the end ot the exhaust stroke,

vbut these may be greatly diluted by admitting a scavenging charge of air during the expulsion ot waste products. If .it be desired; to use the lower portions oit the cyl-v inders A and C as pump cylinders,l this' may readily be done by connecting them to the conduit l1, orl by conne@ting` cylinder A with cylinder B and cylinder C with cylinder D, in any desired way, one method by which such connection canbe madeis indicated by the connecting conduits 17th and lcd shownl by Fig. IV.

Fig. III illustrates the use oi our method with one of the simplest forms of internalcombustion pump, the working pump chambers l and i being used also as two-stroke cycle internal-combustion cylinders without pistons. Inlet valves 8 and Sa for liquid are shown, and intakes 9 and 9, with sources of supply'of liquid l() and 101.v The reaction conduit l1 is'common to both .vorking;l chambers, and the possibility ot' lengthening it by Aintrodacing curves is illustrated by the drawing. Conduits l2 and 12a connect chambers l and d with the discharge main 'l-l common tothe discharge from both and 12a through the air chamber l5 and discharge valvesl and 16a.' The two working chambers are provided with valved inlet-so, 5 for the admission of scavenging air and combustible mixture and valved outlets, (i, (l for the exhaust of the products or' combustion. The scavenging air and combustible mixture are admitted under pressure as is commonly practiced in the operation oi two-stroke cycle internal combustion engines. l

From the description of the operation ot the working chamber ldescribed in connection with Fig. l, the method of operation will be readily understood, the principal diitercnce being that in this apparatus ot Fig. .lll the ignited gases may be expanded to less than atmospheric pressure and the new increment of liquid `thus drawn in. Expansion to such lowpressurc will not be necessary, `t liquid be supplied to the intakes 9 and 9 under a. slight head.

Under certain conditions in operating the method for pumping against low heads the discharge valve may be unnecessary, the discharge liow in the conduit leading to the discharge main being practically continuous,---the momentum of liquid in this con- .'lrit from one power impulse not being entirely expended before the next succeeding power impulse.

' It will be understood that the operation oi' our method as herein described mav be used in combination with other methods oli pumping liquids` such 1to1' instance as that described by us in United States Patent No. 1,026, B7. patented May lil, 1912, or other methods heretofore used for the pumping of liquids, and thatzin theuse of this method we do not desire to limit ourselves to the particular type or types of apparatus herein described.

Having described our invention, we claim,

l. A method of pumping liquid which consists in applying pressure, generated by the power impulse of a prime mover actuated `by an `elastic ,mediunn to a confined body of liquid, 'a portion of which is interposed between an inlet for liquid and.` a region of discharge and a yportieri of which is interposed between said prime mover and a second similar "prime mover, in causing said'pressure to commence the discharge ot liquid at saidy region ofidiscljiarge and simultaneously tocause said second primemover to commence a return stroke thereof, in causing the movement ofsaid second namedportion or liquid after the completion or' the power stroke of the irst named primemover to eiifect the completiono the return stroke tion to a similar medium at relatively low pressure and a portion of which interposed between an inlet ior liquid and a relatively high-pressure discharge, in discharging portion'of the liquidlinterposed between said inlet yand said discharge *whilel said low-pressure medium is still at relatively low pressure, in permitting the movement of theliquid interposedy between the' said two pump chambers to yincrease the pressure ot the medium at low pressure and to draw ina new increment ofliquid through said inlet, and in causingl said increase in pressure to bringl the body of liquid int-erposedA between the said-l .pump chambers to rest prior to the return power stroke; whereby the elastic medium in operative relation to said irst named pump chamber is ex- `panded to relatively low `pressure lpriorv to its exhaustand the elastic medium in' cpi-5r--` ative relation tb" the said"s`ec`ond" Vnamed pump chamber is compressed to relatively" high pressure prior to its expansion in effecting the return power stroke and whereby each movement of said body of liquid is eiiiected by a power stroke of said medium operating alternately on the liquid in the said. two pump chambers. f

3. ik method of pumping' liquids by the expansion of an ignited combustible mixture, which consists in causing said ignited combustible to impart movement to a 'body of liquid, a portion owhich is interposed between an inlet for liquid and a region of relatively high pressure ydischarge and a portion of which is interposed between a pump chamber containing liquid that is in operative relation to said ignited coinbustible and a pump chamber containing liquid that is in operative relation toan unigu'ited combustible mixture at relatively low pres- 'iiamed pump chamber, iiicutting oit' -e sure, in causing said movement to commence the discharge ofliquid 'at saidregion of discharge when' the unigiiited combustible mixture is at relatively low 'pressure'y and in causing said yi'novement to effect they 'coinpressionfo the said unignited'combustible mixture torelatively high pressure. y

fl. A.,method of pumping liquids bythe expansion'i` of an ignited con'ibustible niix-7 ture,y which `consists in causing" said ignited combustible toimpart movement yto' body of liquidja` port-ion of vwhich interposed betweenl anv inletl for liquid and a' region of relatively high pressure rdischarge and a port-ion otwhich' is interposed lbetween a` pump chamber containing liquid that is in operative relation "to saidv ignited combustible anda pump chamber containing liquid that is in operative yrelation to an unignited combustible mixture at relatively low pressure, in causing said movement to coniinence the discharge ofliquid atsaid region of discharge when theI unigiiited combustible mixture is at relatively low pressure, in causing said movement to eiiect thev compression of vthe saidunignited combustible mixture to relatively high pressure and to vdraw in a4 `new increment Vof `liquid throughsaid inlet` said ignited combusti to relatively low ,pressure .4 i e,

A4 method ot pumping y liquid which" consistsin applying pressure toliquid contained in a pump chamber which through a le has expanded conduit iscoiinected with a dischargemain andfwhiclr also has an unobstructed com-k anotherl pump chamber simil arly connected with a discharge inainfboth oi said cham-v bers being.A connected with intakes `tor liquid to lloe pump'ed,.andy all of said conduits, 'connections Vand pump chambers containing liquid, in permitting liquidy to discharge-into said viirst named discharge main and in permitting" liquid to flow into said ser "application of pressure to said liquid in said first named chamber, in permitting liquid to continue to iiow into said second named chamber and a new incren'ient of liquid to tlowin thro-ugh the intake connecting with. said irst named chamber; kwhereby thel y energy ot the power-stroke inv said first pump chamber is partly used to discharge liquid and toimpart velocity to the liquid flowing toward said discharge, (whereby said discharge is continued after the actuating pressure drops below the discharge pressure,) and is partly used to effect the return stroke in said second pump chamber and to impart velocity to liquid iilling the conduit connecting the two pump chambers, where- `byv the return stroke in said second pump chamber is completed. l

6. In a method ot; pumping liquids in Iwhich twopairs of four-stroke cycle workond e niet.,

munication through another conduit with liquid and a region of relatively high pres-A sure discharge, and a portion of which is interposed between a pump chamber containing liquid which 1s in operative relation to said ignited combustible mixture and a pump chamber containing liquid that is in operative relation to an unignited combustible mixture at relatively low pressure, in causing said movement to commence the discharge ot' liquid at said region of discharge when the unignited combustible mixture is at relatively low pressure and is causing said movement to eiiiect the compressionof said unignited combustible mixture to relatively high pressure.

7. A pump `comprising in combination two independent pump chambers connected by a conduit providing unobstructed communication between the said chambers, a conduit connecting each of saidpuinp chainbers with a discharge main and permitting at all times free discharge into said main, valved inlets to connect said apparatus to a source of material to be pumped, means for alternately applying pressure to the liquid contained in each of said pump chambers, said pressure being greater than the pressure against which the material is to be pumped, and means tor controlling the energy applied to each pump chamber, whereby liquid set in motion by energy applied to` one pump chamber may continue in motion after the application of said pressure has ceased.

8. An internal combustion-pump comprisingtin combination two independent pump chambers andA a conduit connecting said chambers, said conduit being of such size and dimensions as may be required to contain a body ol' liquidadapted to be used as an oscillating flywheel or compensator efiiciently to transmit, and to control the vexpenditure of, a portion oit the energy developed during the power-stroke in one of said chambers to perform work in the other of said chambers, a conduit connecting'said described apparatus with a discharge main and permitting at all times free discharge into said main and a valved inlet it'or the admission of the substance to be pumped.

9. An'internal-combustion pump comprising in combination two independent pump chambers and a conduit connecting said chambers, said conduit being of such size and dimensions may be required to contain a body of liquid adapted to be used as an oscillating tlywheel or compensator etliciently to transmit, and tocontrol the eX- penditure of, a portion of theenergydeveloped during vthe power stroke in one of said chan'ibers to perform work in the other ot' said chambers, a conduit connecting said described apparatus with a discharge main and permittingat all times tree discharge into said main, a valved intake. for the admissionxof the substance to be pumped and means for introducing combustible mixture, for igniting said mixture and for discharging the products of combustion.

VIn testimony whereof we have hereunto signed oull names at Philadelphia, Pennsyl-` vania, this 28th day ofllanuary, 1913.

HENRY M. CILALNCE.` THOMAS M. CHANCE; 1Witnesses y Gnus. BUSH, E. R. BARNARD.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each', by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

' n Washington, D. C. 

